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| [00:07.00]Fillmore was from New York State. [00:12.36]His family was poor. [00:15.52]His early education came not from school teachers [00:21.55]but from whatever books he could find. [00:25.50]Later,Fillmore was avle to study law.He became a successful lawyer. [00:34.51]He also served in the United States congress for eight years. [00:41.14]He Whig Party chose him as its vice presidential candidate [00:47.46]in the election of 1848. [00:51.30]He served as vice president for about a year [00:56.95]and half before the death of President Taylor. [01:01.68]fillmore has disagreed with Taylor [01:07.71]over the congressional compromise on slavery and the western territories. [01:13.85]Unlike Taylor,Fillmore truly believed that the nation was facing a crisis. [01:22.57]The compromise would help save the union. [01:28.32]Now,as president,Fillmore offered his complete support to the bill. [01:36.37]Its chances of passing looked better than ever. [01:41.51]Fillmore asked the old cabinet to resign. [01:46.95]He named his own cabinet members. [01:51.67]All were strong supporters of the union. [01:56.53]All supported the compromise. [02:01.39]Congress debated the compromise throughout the summer of 1850. [02:09.23]There were several proposals in the bill. [02:13.67]Supporters decided not to vote on the proposals as one piece of legislation [02:21.71]They saw a better chance of success [02:26.73]by trying to pass each proposal separately.Their idea worked. [02:34.38]By the end of September,both the senate and House of Representatives [02:41.72]had approved all parts of the 1850 compromise. [02:48.36]President fillmore signed them into law. [02:52.88]One part of the compromise permitted California [02:59.12]to enter the union as a free state. [03:03.17]One established territorial governments in New Mexico and Utah. [03:11.01]One settled the dispute between Texas and New Mexico. [03:17.43]Another ended the slave trade in the district of Columbia. [03:24.59]Many happy celebrations took place when citizens heard [03:32.04]that Presisent Fillmore had signed the 1850 compromise. [03:39.09]Many people believed the problem of slavery had been solved. [03:45.33]They believed the union had been saved. [03:50.58]Others,however,believed the problem had only been postponed. [03:58.42]They hoped the delay would give reasonable men of the north [04:04.35]and south time to find a permanent answer to the issue of slavery. [04:12.19]Time was running out. [04:15.63]It was true that the 1850 compromise had ended a national crisis. [04:23.68]But both northern and southern extremists remained bitter. [04:30.11]Those opposed to slavery believed the compromise law [04:36.64]on runaway slaves violated the constitution. [04:41.99]The new law said Negroes accused of being runaway slaves [04:48.31]could not have a jury trial. [04:51.76]It said government officials could send Negroes [04:57.01]to whoever claimed to own them. [05:00.07]It said Negroes could not appeal such a decision. [05:06.21]Those who supported slavery had a different idea of the compromise. [05:13.94]They did not care about the constitutional rights of Negroes. [05:20.71]They considered the compromise a simple law [05:25.33]for the return of valuable property. [05:29.17]No law approved by congress,and signed by the president [05:35.99]could change these beliefs. [05:39.62]The issue of slavery was linked to the issue of secession. [05:48.16]Did states have the right to leave the union? [05:53.31]If Southern states rejected all compromises on slavery, [06:00.07]did they have the right to secede? [06:04.59]The signing of the 1850 compromise cooled the debate for a time. [06:12.24]But disagreement on the issues was deep. [06:17.39]It would continue to build over the next ten years. [06:23.32]Those were difficult years for America's presidents. |
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