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| [00:07.94]The girl who became known as Phillis Wheatley was born about 1753 in Senegal, Africa. [00:22.86]She was kidnapped and brought to the New England colonies in North America on a ship that carried slaves. [00:31.40]The ship's name was Phillis. [00:34.48]The girl was between seven and eight years old. [00:39.13]She was weak and sickly. [00:41.61]So her price was not very high. [00:44.90]She was sold in a Slave market in the city of Boston, Massachusetts in August, 1761. [00:53.37]John Wheattey, an international Businessman,bought her to serve his wife, Susannah. [01:01.41]Phillis came from a culture that was very different from that of The Wheatleys. [01:07.87]She found the food, customs and beliefs to be new and strange. [01:13.25]The other slaves in the house taught her many things about America. [01:18.89]Phillis quickly learned the rules of slavery. [01:22.65]She learned that Slaves could not beat drums because slave owners [01:27.95]feared that secret messages were being passed to slaves on other farms. [01:33.44]She learned that in southern states it was a crime to teach a slave to read and (write). [01:40.36]In northern states in the 1700s, black slaves were treated better than they were in the southern states. [01:49.56]Restrictions against the education of slaves were not as severe as they were in the south. [01:57.00]Many of the slaves in New England were even urged to learn to read, especially the Bible, [02:05.00]the major book of the Christian religion. [02:08.18]Many people thought that slaves should read the Bible so they could become better believers of the Christian religion. [02:16.88]In New England, blacks were free to meet with each other in groups, [02:22.34]Many times male slaves were accepted as members of the Community for special projects. [02:30.07]These included gatherings to clean corn or to build a farmhouse. [02:35.90]Female slaves cooked for the groups. [02:39.35]From her earliest days as a slave, Phillis was a happy,busy person. [02:45.72]She liked to keep busy. [02:47.99]She especially liked to do things with her hands. [02:51.70]She quickly learned how to clean around the Wheatley house and how to dry the dishes. [02:58.91]But her mind seemed to move even faster than her hands. [03:02.86]She wanted to do everything. [03:05.55]Phillis's new family had unusual beliefs for the times. [03:10.75]John Wheatley and his wife were educated people. [03:14.69]Susannah Wheatley believed that all human beings, including African slaves, could learn if given the chance. [03:23.26]She believed that all people, of any skin color, should love and respect each other. [03:29.50]She treated Phillis more as a daughter than as a slave. [03:34.00]Mrs. Wheatley said, "You're my black child. You're my Phillis." [03:39.87]Susannah Wheatley soon recognized Phillis's intelligence and desire to learn. [03:46.09]Mrs. Wheatley observed how Phillis loved books and the care she took with them. [03:52.39]At times, Phillis would smell the pages of the Books and hold them close to her. [03:59.44]One day, one of the slaves in the Wheatley home found Phillis writing on the wall of Mrs.Wheatley's room with a piece of coal. [04:09.99]Phillis had been cleaning the dust from a book. [04:14.41]She decided to copy the letters from the cover of the book. [04:18.80]The slave brought Mrs.Wheatley to inspect the marks on the wall. [04:23.60]But Susannah Wheatley did not get angry. [04:27.49]Instead,she smiled. [04:30.52]Mrs.Wheatley gave Phillis a pencil and paper and a little table on which to write. [04:37.19]She showed the writing on the wall to her daughter Mary. [04:41.63]Mary was as surprised as her mother at how well Phillis had copied the letters. [04:48.65]Mary told Phillis she would teach her to write--on paper, not on walls. [04:55.39]Mary Wheatley began to teach Phillis to read and write English,She also taught Phillis the Christian religion. [05:04.80]Phillis learned quickly. [05:07.02]She learned the English alphabet in a few weeks. [05:10.88]In a year and one-half after she arrived in America,Phillis could read English. [05:17.36]And she could read and understand difficult parts of the Bible. [05:22.09]Phillis loved to learn new words. [05:26.03]She enjoyed the new feelings that went with the sounds. [05:29.87]She especially liked writing and creating new ways of saying things. [05:34.99]Mary taught Phillis about writings from other countries. [05:39.80]America was a young nation. [05:43.28]It had not yet produced writers and poets like older nations. [05:48.37]So Phillis studied the writings of EuroPean Writers. [05:52.60]She read the work of the Greek poet Homer, [05:56.78]the English poets Keats and Pope and the plays and poetry of Shakespeare. [06:04.30]She read and re-read the Bible. [06:08.17]Phillis was about twelve years old when she began to write poetry. [06:13.94]One of her earliest poems was about her religious faith. [06:18.91]It questioned how a person could not believe in God. [06:23.24]"Thou who dost daily feel his hand, and rod. [06:28.18]Darest thou deny the essence of a God! |
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