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| [00:08.05]Igor Sikorsky left Russia at the start of the revolution in 1917. [00:15.54]He stayed for a while in Britain and France. [00:19.54]Then he went to the United States. [00:22.62]He arrived with little money and no real chances for work. [00:28.63]America's aviation industry was new and very small. [00:34.30]There were no jobs. [00:36.15]In 1923, however, he got help from a group of Russian exiles in the United States. [00:43.99]They gave him enough money to start his own aviation company, Sikorsky Aero Engineering. [00:52.04]It was on Long Island east of New York City. [00:56.03]Sikorsky's greatest success during this period was designing seaplanes. [01:02.48]These planes could land on ground or on water. [01:06.90]They could fly long distances. [01:09.83]The Pan American airline company used them to fly from North America to Central and South America. [01:18.21]In 1929, the Sikorsky company became part of the United Aircraft Corporation. [01:26.83]The re-organized company produced a series of large planes known as flying boats. [01:34.51]These planes were big enough and powerful enough to fly across oceans. [01:41.64]They made it possible to move people and goods quickly from the' United States to Europe and Asia. [01:49.92]Passengers on flying boats rested in soft seats. [01:54.83]They ate hot meals. [01:57.68]Air travel had become fun, as well as safe. [02:01.73]By 1938, Igor Sikorsky decided to experiment with hellcopters again. [02:10.38]It had been thirty years since his first unsuccessful attempts. [02:15.03]Through those years, he had written down ideas for possible new designs. [02:21.56]The first helicopter Sikorsky built in America was the VS300. [02:28.61]It was a skeleton of steel tubes. [02:31.61]In its first test flight, it rose about a meter off the ground. Sikorsky then tested nineteen more designs. [02:42.06]The final design had one main rotator,or rotor. [02:47.37]The rotor was connected to three long blades on top. [02:52.15]These blades turned around like an album on a record player. [02:57.82]They lifted the helicopter into the air. [03:01.47]A smaller rotor, with shorter blades, was at the back end. [03:06.62]Those blades turned around like the wheel of a car. [03:10.77]They kept the body of the helicopter pointed forward. [03:15.34]This remained the basic design of all Sikorsky helicopters. [03:20.31]By 1941, the VS300 had set all world records for helicopter flight. [03:28.93]Military versions were made and some were used in the last years of World War Two. [03:35.56]Most people, however, still did not accept the new flying machine. [03:41.34]They said the helicopter had to prove its worth. [03:45.78]It did that during the war in Korea in the early 1950s. [03:51.37]Helicopters take off straight into the air. [03:55.34]They can land just about anywhere. [03:58.39]They do not need long airport runways like planes. [04:03.15]During the Korean War, helicopters flew into battle areas to rescue wounded soldiers. [04:10.83]They flew the men quickly to medical centers set up away from the fighting. [04:17.15]This greatly improved the men's chances of survival. [04:22.01]Igor Sikorsky, the man most responsible for successfully designing and building helicopters, [04:30.16]thought helicopters would be a common form of transportation. [04:34.99]People, he said, would use them instead of automobiles. [04:40.29]They would fly into a city, land on top of a building, go to work, then fly home again. [04:48.05]This has not happened. [04:50.80]Privately-owned helicopters are not common. [04:54.61]Yet helicopters have proved their value in other ways. [04:59.00]Companies use them to transport heavy equipment to hard-to-reach places. [05:05.16]Farmers use them to put insect poisons on their crops. [05:10.20]And emergency teams use them to rescue people from fires and floods. [05:16.32]Igor Sikorsky continued as an engineering adviser to his aircraft company until he died in 1972. [05:26.19]He was one of the best known and most respected leaders in international aviation. [05:33.71]He received more than ninety major awards and honors from many countries and organizations. [05:41.71]He always said, however, that his greatest satisfaction did not come from receiving honors. [05:49.91]It did not come from being the first person to design new kinds of aircraft. [05:55.94]Igor Sikorsky said his greatest satisfaction came from knowing |
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