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| [00:05.62]34) Ancient Quasar [00:11.96]Astronomers have discovered what they say is one of the earliest known structures ever to form in the universe. [00:20.82]It is a star-like object called a quasar. [00:24.76]Quasars are very large. [00:27.69]They produce huge amounts of energy, up to ten thousand times that produced by our solar system. [00:35.74]Astronomers believe the energy of a quasar is produced by a huge black hole that attracts surrounding matter. [00:45.77]Several teams of scientists found the ancient object in the constellation Cetus. [00:52.82]The teams used two telescopes. [00:55.33]One is the Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory in California. [01:01.57]The other is the National Science Foundation's 'telescope at Kitt Peak in Arizona. [01:08.78]Scientists at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii did a special study of the object's light. [01:15.94]Daniel Stern is an astronomer with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. [01:24.69]He played an important part in the recent discovery. [01:28.92]He says the distant object looked very much like a star. [01:33.75]However, study of the light from the object proved it to be a quasar. [01:39.34]He said further study showed the quasar is extremely old. [01:44.54]Tests showed that light from the object takes about 13,000,000,000,000 light years to reach Earth. [01:52.54]Scientists say that means the quasar existed at a time when the universe was less than 8% of its current age. [02:01.94]Tests of the red light from an object in space [02:06.33]can show how fast the object is moving away from us as the universe expands. [02:13.77]The faster it moves away, the more its light appears to be a red color. [02:19.02]Mister Stern says finding a quasar at that distance is like turning on a flashlight at the edge of the universe. [02:29.19]He says quasars act like very bright flashlights because they are brighter than distant galaxies. [02:37.62]He says this permits astronomers to study everything that has ever developed between Earth and the quasar. [02:46.27]Mister Stern says the newly discovered quasar will add to the knowledge [02:52.75]of how matter spread in the early history of the universe. [02:57.29]He says it also will help show how black holes |
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